For Me To Remember
Monday, January 21, 2013
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These are some parts of my notes. I wrote this when I was still at my veterinary professional education. It's just a little resume of some cases, like Indigestion, fever, and some about reproduction.
This not-so-clear picture is about how can simplex indigestion happen. The simplex indigestion is a digestive syndrome disorder which is come from rumen or reticulum. It can be marked with a loss of ruminal movement or weakness of ruminal tones, which cause a accumulation of ingested food inside the rumen.
When there're abundant amount of ingested foods inside the rumen, it will stimulate the rumen to becomes Hypermotility in order to process it. The ruminal muscle will be exhausted as a result and it will lead to ruminal atony.
A high protein food also can be a cause simplex indigestion. It will increase the ruminal pH and acid-resistant bacteria will be death. The biochemist digestion won't be completed and as a result it will cause an accumulation of ingested food inside the rumen which leads to ruminal atony.
It's about fever. According to Guyton (1997), fever is happened because a pyrogenic reaction. Pyrogen (bacteria, bacterial toxin, virus, etc) can create fever when they're inside the bloodstream. It will be fagosited by macrophage and neutrophil.
The macrophage will produce Inter Leukin-1 (IL-1), also called endogenous pyrogen which increase cyclooxygenase enzyme. That enzyme will transform the arachidonic acid becomes prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which works at hypothalamus to create fever.
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The next two pictures is a little about reproduction. The first one is about conception rate. It means the percentage of pregnant female at the firs artificial insemination. The normal condition is 70%. This can be count with a formula :
(∑ pregnant female in the first AI : ∑ female AI) x 100%
The second is about Service per Conception (S/C). It can be said as numbers of AI needed till pregnancy happens.
The normal value is 1,5-2,0. If the S/C is increasing it means the fertility is low, and if the S/C is decreasing it means the fertility is high or good.
It can be count with formula: (∑ female AI : ∑ pregnant AI female)
(∑ birth calf : ∑ female AI )x100%
Calving interval (CI): Time between birth. Normal time is 1 year
Pregnancy rate (PR) is a rate of birth.
Normal value is 90%
The formula is:
(∑ pregnant female : ∑ female AI) x 100%
Sorry for bad English and grammar error in this article.
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